Beta-BBO crystal is an important nonlinear optical crystal
with combination of unique optical properties, such as broad transmission and
phase matching ranges, large nonlinear coefficient, high damage
threshold and excellent optical homogeneity. The β-BBO crystal is an efficient material for the second, third and fourth
harmonic generation of Nd:YAG lasers, and the best NLO material for the
fifth harmonic generation at 213 nm.
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Barium Borate exists in three major crystalline forms: alpha, beta, and
gamma. The low-temperature beta phase converts into the alpha phase upon
heating to 925 °C. β-BBO differs from α-BBO by the
positions of the barium ions within the crystal. Both phases are
birefringent, however α-BBO has centric symmetry and thus
does not has the same nonlinear properties as β-BBO.α-BBO is a negative uniaxial crystal with a large birefringence over the broad transparent range from 189 nm to 3500 nm.
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BBO(Beta-Barium Borate, β-BaB2O4)based Pockels cells operate from approximately 0.2 - 1.65 µm and are not subject to tracking degradation. BBO exhibits low piezoelectric response, good thermal stability, and low absorption. Due to the low piezoelectric coupling coefficients of BBO, BBO Pockels cells function at repetition rates of hundreds of kilohertz.
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High temperature phase of α-BBO Crystal (BaB2O4)
is one of the excellent birefringent crystals. It is characterized by
large birefringent coefficient and wide transmission window ranged from
189nm to 3500nm. Due to its high chemical stability and medium hardness,
α-BBO is fabricated easily into many kinds of optical components.The
physical, chemical, thermal and optical properties of α-BBO are similar
to those of β-BBO.
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BBO(Beta-Barium Borate, β-BaB2O4)based Pockels cells operate from approximately 0.2 - 1.65 µm and are not subject to tracking degradation. BBO exhibits low piezoelectric response, good thermal stability, and low absorption. Low
piezoelectric ringing makes this Pockels cell attractive for the control
of high-power and high-pulse repetition rate (hundreds of kilohertz, up to 1MHz) lasers.
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Beta-Barium Borate (β-BBO) is an excellent nonlinear crystal with combination of a number of unique features: wide transparency region, broad phase-matching range, large nonlinear coefficient, high damage threshold, and excellent optical homogeneity. Therefore, β-BBO provides an attractive solution for various nonlinear optical applications such as OPA, OPCPA, OPO etc.β-BBO also has advantages of large thermal acceptance bandwidth, high damage threshold and small absorption, thus is very suitable for frequency conversion of high peak or average power laser radiation, e.g.
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Beta-Barium Borate (β-BBO) is an excellent nonlinear crystal with combination of a number of unique features: wide transparency region, broad phase-matching range, large nonlinear coefficient, high damage threshold, and excellent optical homogeneity. Therefore, β-BBO provides an attractive solution for various nonlinear optical applications such as OPA, OPCPA, OPO etc. β-BBO also has advantages of large thermal acceptance bandwidth, high damage threshold and small absorption, thus is very suitable for frequency conversion of high peak or average power laser radiation, e.g.
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LBO (LiB3O5) is an excellent non-linear crystal of Borate-family following BBO. LBO has advantages of good ultraviolet transmittance (210-2300 nm), high laser damage threshold and large effective frequency doubling coefficient (about 3 times of KDP crystal). Therefore LBO is commonly used to produce high power second and third harmonic laser light, especially for ultraviolet lasers.LBO has large band gap and transparency region, high non-linear coupling, good chemical and mechanical properties.
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High
temperature phase BBO (alpha-BBO, a-BBO) is a negative uniaxial crystal
with a large birefringence over the broad transparent range from 189 nm
to 3500 nm. The physical, chemical, thermal, and optical properties of
alpha-BBO crystal are similar to those of the low temperature phase beta-BBO crystal.
However, there is no second order nonlinear effect in alpha-BBO crystal
due to the centrosymmetry in its crystal structure and thus it has no
use for second order nonlinear optical processes.
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The periodic polarized KTP (PPKTP) is a novel nonlinear optical material that can be customized to achieve all of the nonlinear applications required in the entire KTP crystal transmission band, without the phase matching limitations of conventional KTP. Moreover, the effective nonlinear coefficient of PPKTP is about 3 times higher than that of conventional KTP. In the nonlinear application of conventional KTP, the crystal must have a single domain structure, but PPKTP crystal has an artificially induced periodic domain structure.
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Nd:YVO4 (Neodymium-doped Yttrium Vanadate) is the most efficient laser crystal for diode-pumped solid-state lasers. Its good physical, optical and mechanical properties make Nd:YVO4 an excellent crystal for high power, stable and cost-effective diode-pumped solid-state lasers, especially for lasers with low or middle power density. Nd:YVO4 is
a good choice for highly polarized output at 1342 nm, as the emission
line is much stronger than those of its alternatives.
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Nd:YLF is an excellent crystal that is very suitable for working in mode-locked mode to obtain short pulse laser. Nd:YLF has very small thermal lens effect (much smaller than YAG crystal), wide fluorescent line, and can generate linear-polarized beam. The relatively small stimulated emission cross section of Nd:YLF makes it suitable for continuous work with low threshold. Nd:YLF crystal has obtained important applications in inertial confinement laser fusion research projects.
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LN Crystal is a multifunctional material that integrates properties of piezoelectric, ferroelectric, pyroelectric, nonlinear, electro-optical, photoelastic, etc. LiNbO3 has good thermal stability and chemical stability.As one of the most thoroughly characterized nonlinear optical materials, LiNbO3 is suitable for a variety of frequency conversion applications. For example, it is widely used as frequency doublers for wavelength >1 μm and optical parametric oscillators (OPOs) pumped at 1064 nm as well as quasi-phase-matched (QPM) devices.
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Tm:YAP crystal is one of the most important crystals for LD pumping 2μm laser. The anisotropic structure of Tm:YAP produces anisotropic emission cross section. Tm:YAP crystals with different orientations have different output wavelengths and operating forms for different functions. Compared with the physical and chemical properties of Tm:YAG, the 795nm pump absorption band of Tm:YAP matches the emission wavelength of commonly used high-power AlGaAs diodes better.
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Tm3+:YLF crystal has a high absorption peak around 792 nm which locates in the diode pumping range, and also has a cross-relaxation process that provides the possibility for each absorbed pump photon to produce to ions at higher laser energy level. Tm3+: YLF laser is very suitable as a pump source for Ho3+:YAG laser. This is due to the good overlap of the emission band of Tm3+:YLF and the absorption band of Ho3+:YAG, and the ability to produce a linearly polarized output.
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Lithium
Niobate (LiNbO3) is widely used in fiber communication devices as birefringent
crystal and used as electro-optic modulator and Q-switch
for Nd:YAG, Nd:YLF and Ti:Sapphire lasers. It has good mechanical and physical properties and is ideal for optical
polarizing components due to its wide transparency range and low cost. LiNbO3's applications for fiber communication include isolators, circulators, beam displacers, and other polarizing
optics. The transverse modulation is mostly employed for
LiNbO3 crystal.
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Periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) crystal and MgO: PPLN are a new kind of nonlinear optical crystal, which can realize high-efficiency frequency conversion such as frequency doubling, sum frequency, and optical parametric oscillation in wave brand from visible to mid-infrared. When doped with 5% MgO, the photodamage threshold and photorefractive threshold of PPLN are greatly increased (compared to that of pure PPLN), and their performance is more stable and suitable for room temperature use.
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One of the most important drawbacks of popular LiNbO3 crystal is its
susceptibility to photorefractive damage (optically induced change of
refractive index, usually under exposure with blue or green CW light).
The usual way to eliminate this effect is to keep LN crystals at
elevated temperatures (400K or more). Another way to prevent
photorefractive damage is MgO-doping (usually at levels of around 5 mol%
for congruent LN).
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A corner cube (or cube corner), also known as a retroreflector, is an optical
component with the unique ability to return an incoming beam of light
directly towards its point of origin regardless of the beam's angle of
entry. This property makes this prism type ideal for a wide variety of
applications, such as laser resonator cavities, land surveying, ground
based range-finding, satellite communications and space vehicle docking.Wisoptic offer a wide variety of retroreflectors at competitive prices and lead times, and are able to accommodate the most demanding requirements.
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Waveplates (retardation plates or phase shifters) are made from
optical materials with precise thickness such as quartz, calcite or mica, which exhibit birefringence. The velocities of the
extraordinary and ordinary rays through the birefringent materials vary
inversely with their refractive indices. The difference in velocities
gives rise to a phase difference when the two beams recombine.
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Thin Film Polarizers are made from composed materials which include a polarizing film, an inner protective film, a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, and an outer protective film. Polarizer is used to change un-polarized beam into linear polarized beam.
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Right angle prisms
are generally used to bend image paths or redirect light at 90°. This
produces a left handed image and depending on the orientation of the
prism, the image may be inverted or reverted.
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Corner cube prisms are optics which act as corner reflectors.
The basic operation principle is that there are internal reflections on
three mutually orthogonal prism surfaces, producing a direction of a
reflected beam which is nominally parallel to the direction of the
incident beam – with the accuracy limited only by the accuracy of the
surface orientation of the prism.
Precision prisms can offer excellent parallelism of incoming and
reflecting beams.
It is usually specified as an angular deviation, e.g.
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A prism, in optics, is a piece of glass or other transparent object surrounded by two planes that intersect
but are not parallel to each other. The most important parameters of a
prism are the angle and material. Prisms are capable to redirect light at a designated angle or adjust the orientation of an image. Therefore prism is useful for in certain spectroscopes, instruments for analyzing light
and for determining the identity and structure of materials that emit or
absorb light. An optical prism’s design determines how light interacts with it.
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